Batteries can be in different shapes and specifications due to different vehicle models and applications, the internal contruction theories are basically the same.
Basic construction as illustrated below, put positive and negative plates in container, in between put separators and fill in adequate volume of electrolyte.And the potential difference of materials between negative and positive polarity is 2V, so every cell’s voltage is 2V, therefore, the 6V and 12V of automotive and motorcycle batteries are formed by series connection of each cell.
- Plates
Plates are life of batteries, good or bad quality is decisive to battery performance, plates’ construction are paste active materials on alloy grids.
The active material of positive plates are made of PbO2 and in dark brown color, the active material of negative plates are sponge shape Pb in brown color. Both negative and positive plates are porous, it’s good for electrolyte to circulate and generate chemical reaction.
- Separators
To prevent direct contact of negative and positive plates and cause short circuit, non conductive and porous separators are inserted between both plates, it was so called Separators, the materials are strengthened fibres, porous rubber and compounded resin…etc. Specially applied PE envelop separator to upgrade cranking power
Because active materials of positive plates are lack of bonding strength, to make both plates have same life span, glass fibre spacers are added beside positive plates.
- Electrolyte
The acid filled in battery is called electrolyte, the liquid is corrosive, colorless and smell-less diluted sulfuric acid. The acid normally used is with gavity 1.260~1.280 at 20℃, the cid at this gravity has the best in conductivity and lowest feezing point.
- Container and cover
The material of container and cover must be anti-corrosive, high tension and insulative, for the present times, mostly in PP material, heating HP method is adopted to combine container and cover, there’s no concern of acid leaking.